The Monument of Victory of the War of Resistance against Japan was originally a spiritual fortress. As the war against Japanese Invasion broke out across China, Nationalist Government relocated its capital to Chongqing. In order to mobilize the mass to fight against Japanese Invasion, a monument-shaped building that implies the spirit to follow through the fight against Japanese Invasion was built in 1941. The Spiritual Fortress, a quadrate blockhouse-type wooden structure, has 5 floors and is about 26m high (The height measured in Chinese unit symbolizes July 7).  To keep it from being bombed by the Japanese bombers, it was painted black. At the end of war, Nationalist Government built a Monument of Victory of the War of Resistance against Japan upon the original site in order to mark the victory of the people and troops nationwide fighting against Japanese Invasion. It is a concrete structure and takes on what it is like to this date. It is said the weapons and ammunition captured from Japan were buried under the monument back then. A letter written by the U.S. president Roosevelt to the people of Chongqing was stored inside the monument. On the inner side of it was engraved the names of tens of thousands of soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the war. 

The liberation army liberated Chongqing in November 30, 1949. The welcoming ceremony for the the Chinese People's Liberation Army was held on December 1, 1949 at the monument. Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping entered Chongqing on December 12, 1949. The representatives from all walks of life in Chongqing proposed to redevelop the monument into Chongqing People's Liberation Monument. As a result, the Military Political Committee of Southwestern China decided to redevelop the Monument of Victory of the War of Resistance against Japan. In addition, the monument was renamed People's Liberation Monument (today’s Jiefangbei) with Liu Bocheng’s inscription.